15. "Synthesis and Structure of Dinuclear Diphosphine-Bridged Palladium(II) Complexes," Michael A. Zhuravel, David S. Glueck, Christopher D. Incarvito, and Arnold L. Rheingold, Organometallics 1999, 18, 4673-4676.

The dinuclear dicationic complexes [(Pd(dppe)(R))₂(µ-diphos)]X₂ (diphos = dppe; R = Ph (1), R = Me (2), diphos = dppp, R = Ph (3)) were prepared by the addition of a bidentate diphosphine to [Pd(dppe)(R)(PMes₂H)]⁺, by treatment of [Pd(dppe)(R)(X)] (X = Cl, I) with Ag⁺ and a bidentate diphosphine, or by reaction of [Pd(dppe)(Ph)(X)] (X = Br, I) and dppe. NMR and crystal structure data show that the structure of 1 is the same in solution and in the solid state and allow structural and spectroscopic comparison of chelate and bridging dppe ligands at the same metal center.